Muhammad Ali - The Greatest Boxer

Muhammad Ali (January 17, 1942–June 3, 2016) was one of the most famous boxers of all time. His conversion to Islam and draft evasion conviction surrounded him with controversy and even exile from boxing for three years. Despite the hiatus, his quick reflexes and strong punches helped Muhammad Ali become the first person in history to win the heavyweight title three times. At the Opening Ceremony of the 1996 Olympics, Muhammad Ali showed the world his strength and determination in dealing with the debilitating effects of Parkinsons syndrome by lighting the Olympic cauldron. Early Life Muhammad Ali was born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. at 6:35 p.m. on January 17, 1942, in Louisville, Kentucky, to Cassius Clay Sr. and Odessa Grady Clay. Cassius Clay Sr. was a muralist, but he painted signs for a living. Odessa Clay worked as a housecleaner and a cook. Two years after Ali was born, the couple had another son, Rudolph (Rudy). Becoming a Boxer When Ali was 12 years old, he and a friend went to the Columbia Auditorium for the free hot dogs and popcorn available for visitors to the Louisville Home Show. When the boys were done eating, they went back to get their bicycles—only to discover that Alis had been stolen. Furious, Ali went to the basement of the Columbia Auditorium to report the crime to police officer Joe Martin, who was also a boxing coach at the Columbia Gym. When Ali said he wanted to beat up the person who stole his bike, Martin told him that he should probably learn to fight first. A few days later, Ali started boxing training at Martins gym. From the very beginning, Ali took his training seriously. He trained six days a week. On school days, he woke early in the morning so he could go running and then would go work out at the gym in the evening. When Martins gym closed at 8 p.m., Ali would then go train at another boxing gym. Over time, Ali also created his own eating regimen that included milk and raw eggs for breakfast. Concerned about what he put in his body, Ali stayed away from junk food, alcohol, and cigarettes so that he could be the best boxer in the world. The 1960 Olympics Even in his early training, Ali boxed like no one else. He was fast. So fast that he didnt duck punches like most other boxers; instead, he just leaned back away from them. He also didnt put his hands up to protect his face; he kept them down by his hips. In 1960, the Summer Olympics were held in Rome. Ali, then 18 years old, had already won national tournaments such as the Golden Gloves and so he felt ready to compete at the Olympics. On Sept. 5, 1960, Ali (then still known as Cassius Clay) fought against Polands Zbigniew Pietrzyskowski (1934–2014) in the light-heavyweight championship bout. In a unanimous decision, the judges declared Ali the winner. He was an Olympic gold medalist. Having won the gold medal, Ali had attained the top position in amateur boxing. It was time for him to turn professional. Winning the Heavyweight Title As Ali started fighting in professional bouts, he realized that there were things he could do to create attention for himself. For instance, before fights, Ali would say things to worry his opponents. He would also frequently declare, I am the greatest of all time! Often before a fight, Ali would write poetry that either called the round his opponent would fall or boast of his own abilities. Muhammad Alis most famous line was when he promised to Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee. His theatrics worked. Many people paid to see Alis fights just to see such a braggart lose. In 1964, even heavyweight champion Charles Sonny Liston (1932–1971) got caught up in the hype and agreed to fight Ali. On Feb. 25, 1964, Ali fought Liston for the heavyweight title in Miami. Liston tried for a quick knockout, but Ali was too fast to catch. By the seventh round, Liston was too exhausted, had hurt his shoulder, and was worried about a cut under his eye. Liston refused to continue the fight. Ali became boxings heavyweight champion of the world. The Nation of Islam and Name Change The day after the championship bout with Liston, Ali publicly announced his conversion to Islam. The public was not happy with his decision. Ali had joined the Nation of Islam, a group led by Elijah Muhammad that advocated for a separate black nation. Since many people found the Nation of Islams beliefs to be racist, they were angry and disappointed that Ali had joined them. Up to this point, Muhammad Ali was still known as Cassius Clay. When he joined the Nation of Islam in 1964, he shed his slave name (he had been named after a white abolitionist that had freed his slaves) and took on the new name of Muhammad Ali. Banned From Boxing for Draft Evasion During the three years after the Liston fight, Ali won every bout. He had become one of the most popular athletes of the 1960s and was a symbol of black pride. Then in 1967, Muhammad Ali received a draft notice: the United States was calling up young men to fight in the Vietnam War. Since Ali was a famous boxer, he could have requested special treatment and just entertained the troops. However, Alis deep religious beliefs forbade killing, even in war, and so Ali refused to go. In June 1967, Muhammad Ali was tried and found guilty of draft evasion. Although he was fined $10,000 and sentenced to five years in jail, he remained out on bail while he appealed. But despite being on appeal, in response to public outrage, the New York State Athletic Commission and the World Boxing Association stripped him of his title and banned him from boxing. For three and a half years, Ali was exiled from professional boxing. While watching others claim the heavyweight title, Ali lectured around the country to earn some money. Back in the Ring By 1970, the American general public had become dissatisfied with the  Vietnam War  and was thus easing its anger against Ali. This change in public opinion meant Ali was able to rejoin boxing. After participating in an exhibition match on Sept. 2, 1970, Ali fought in his first real comeback bout on October 26, 1970, against Jerry Quarry (1945–1999) in Atlanta, Georgia. During the fight, Muhammad Ali appeared slower than he used to be; yet before the start of the fourth round, Quarrys manager threw in the towel. Ali was back and he wanted to reclaim his heavyweight title. The Fight of the Century: Muhammad Ali vs.  Joe Frazier (1971) On March 8, 1971, Ali got his chance to win back the heavyweight title. Ali was to fight Joe Frazier (1944–2011) at Madison Square Garden. Billed as the Fight of the Century, it was viewed in 35 countries around the world and was the first fight Ali used his rope-a-dope technique. That involved Ali leaning on the ropes and protecting himself while he let his opponent hit him repeatedly. The intention was to quickly tire out his opponent. Although Ali did well in a few of the rounds, in many others he was pounded by Frazier. The fight went the full 15 rounds, with both fighters still standing at the end. The fight was unanimously awarded to Frazier. Ali had lost his first professional fight and had officially lost the heavyweight title. Shortly after the bout, Ali won a different kind of fight: His appeals against his draft evasion conviction had gone all the way up to the U.S. Supreme Court, which unanimously reversed the lower courts decision on June 28, 1971. Ali had been exonerated. The Rumble in the Jungle: Muhammad Ali vs. George Foreman On Oct. 30, 1974, Muhammad Ali had another chance at the championship title. In the time since Ali lost to Frazier in 1971, Frazier himself had lost his championship title to George Foreman (b. 1949). While Ali had won a rematch against Frazier in 1974, Ali was much slower and older than he used to be and was not expected to have a chance against Foreman. Many considered Foreman to be unbeatable. The bout was held in Kinshasa, Zaire, and was thus billed as the Rumble in the Jungle. Once again, Ali used his rope-a-dope strategy—this time with much more success. Ali was able to tire out Foreman so much that by the eighth round, Ali knocked Foreman out. For the second time, Ali had become the heavyweight champion of the world. Thrilla in Manila: Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier Joe Frazier really did not like Muhammad Ali. As part of the antics before their fights, Ali had called Frazier an Uncle Tom and a gorilla, among other racial slurs. Alis comments greatly angered Frazier. Their third match against each other was held on October 1, 1975, and was called the Thrilla in Manila because it was held in Manila, Philippines. The fight was brutal. Both Ali and Frazier hit hard. Both were determined to win. By the time the bell for the 15th round was rung, Fraziers eyes were swollen nearly shut; his manager wouldnt let him continue. Ali won the fight, but he himself was badly hurt as well. Both Ali and Frazier fought so hard and so well that many consider this fight to be the greatest boxing fight in history. Winning the Championship Title a Third Time After the Frazier fight in 1975, Muhammad Ali announced his  retirement. This, however, did not last long, as it was just too easy to pick up a million dollars here or there by fighting one more bout. Ali did not take these fights very seriously and became lax on his training. On Feb. 15, 1978, Ali was extremely surprised when novice boxer Leon Spinks (b. 1953) beat him. The bout had gone all 15 rounds, but Spinks had dominated the match. The judges awarded the fight—and the championship title—to Spinks. Ali was furious and wanted a rematch. Spinks obliged. While Ali worked diligently to train for their rematch, Spinks did not. The second fight did go the full 15 rounds again, but Ali was the obvious winner. Not only did Ali win back the heavyweight champion title, he became the first person in history to win it three times. Retirement and Parkinsons Syndrome After the Spinks fight, Ali retired on June 26, 1979. He did fight Larry Holmes (b. 1949) in 1980 and Trevor Berbick (1954–2006) in 1981 but lost both fights. The fights were embarrassing; it was obvious that Ali should stop boxing. Ali had been the greatest heavyweight boxer in the world three times. In his professional career, he won 56 bouts and lost only five. Of the 56 wins, 37 of them were by knockout. Unfortunately, all of these fights took a toll on Muhammad Alis body. After suffering increasingly slurred speech, shaking hands, and over-tiredness, Ali was hospitalized in September 1984 to determine the cause. His doctors diagnosed Ali with Parkinsons syndrome, a degenerative condition that results in decreased control over speech and motor skills. After being out of the limelight for more than a decade, Ali was asked to light the Olympic cauldron during the Opening Ceremony of the  1996 Olympics  in Atlanta, Georgia. Ali moved slowly and his hands shook, yet his performance brought tears to many who watched. Since then, Ali worked tirelessly to help charities around the world. He also spent a lot of time signing autographs. On June 3, 2016, Muhammad Ali died at age 74 in Phoenix, Arizona, after suffering from respiratory problems. He remains a hero and icon of the 20th century. Sources Edmonds, Anthony O. Muhammad Ali: A Biography. ABC-CLIO, 2005. Gorn, Elliott J. Muhammad Ali, the Peoples Champ.Hauser, Thomas and Muhammad Ali. Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times. New York: Simon Schuster, 2006. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995.

Military Politics Of The United States - 1251 Words

(intro) Imagine this- you look about the window, see gunfire and American citizens walking around in handcuffs. Two of them are cops and another is someone s grandfather. Military spending affects everyone living in the US, because the nation’s defense is what keeps us safe. Think about this- world threats are rising, and we are an international superpower. The United States need a strong defense, not a cheap one. Although increased military spending could result in more national debt issues, it would provide a strong defense network for the country and create more military jobs and income. (background)Military budgeting has been a longtime issue of these great United States, and with many countries abroad. Congress has long struggled to†¦show more content†¦However, the benefits of a well-funded military would be monumental. We would be a very well protected world power, create more military jobs, a better working environment for our troops and other military personnel, and it would help stimulate the economy in countless ways. Living in America is something that almost all of our citizens enjoy daily. It is the government’s responsibility to protect this right. America can’t be free if it becomes controlled by terrorists, Nazis, Fascists, dictators, communists, Imperialists or other world evils. All serving military personnel took an oath to serve and protect this country, but that is hard to do that without proper equipment, small funding, and an outdated military. A strong and ready army is one of the metaphorical pillars that support our nation. A good country needs many things including- resources, protection, suitable environment, a strong yet fair government, and other important things. Most people are convinced we have the best military in the world. The reality is that our military is in the same situation as before WWII: underfunded, and out of date. The USAF (United States Air Force) is still currently using the B-52 Bomber, a plane that was introduced when President Truman was in office. Yes, the same president that took over office during WWII. Yet, people believe the military is still â€Å"in date†. The military can’t be effective while using technology that was made a decade after

Erik Larson s The Devil - 1093 Words

Erik Larson’s The Devil in the White City is a historical novel that portrays true events that occurred during the final years of the Gilded Age. Larson employs his vast research in order to write a historically accurate book, while filling in the subjective details all in order to make for an interesting read for the audience. Although the novel is based on historical facts, the actual goal for Larson is to portray a sharp contrast between good and evil, and he does this by presenting two main characters around which the plots of this novel is built. The entire novel shifts back and forth between Daniel Burnham, the protagonist, and H. H. Holmes, the antagonist. The book is outlined so that alternating chapters follows distinct plot†¦show more content†¦They are both dedicated to building a fair that will better the tarnished reputation the Chicago gives off to the rest of the country. They seek the help of architects throughout the country, but the ones in New York in particular are full of pride and do not want to be associated with Chicago. John Root eventually falls ill and dies, him being the architectural genius of the project. Burnham reads a newspaper that says that he will not be able to build such a fair on his own, and so pushes even harder to build a truly memorable fair. Chicago is at first described as a cheery place full of patriotism for their own city and this pride is what essentially produces good for the city. While pride may seem to produce good for the city, it actually causes the people to ignore the bad. This is evident with the story of H. H. Holmes. He is able to get away with so much in Chicago and pretty much runs a murder factory in the World Fair Hotel. No one cares enough to investigate it because Chicago is simply known as the city where one would marvel at â€Å"how easy it was to disappear† (Larson, 11). This disappearance refers to murderers and psychopaths like H. H. Holmes, but could also be a reference to the countless victims that were murdered by him and never found. Another example of preventable evil being ignored is that of Prendergast, who becomes progressively insane but the few people that notice it do nothing about it and

Accounting article review Example

Essays on Accounting article review Essay Accounting Article Review Economic Value Added (EVA) is a measure of the economic profit of a firm, which makes its estimates by comparing the net operating profit with capital’s total cost. EVA is based on the notion that an organization can only create value when its returns on economic capital exceeds that capital’s cost. EVA significantly indicates both the profitability of a firm’s projects as well as the performance of the managers. As practically shown by managers who introduced the concept, for example ATT, Coca-Cola, Briggs Stratton and Quaker Oats, a business may be termed as truly profitable only when it creates wealth for its shareholders. The managers brought out the importance of using the cost of equity capital on top of that of borrowed capital in their calculation of the business’ profit by EVA concepts (Tully Hadjian 38). As explained by Robert Allen, the CEO at ATT, the company dealt in multiple products in its operations. Determining which products were profitable and which were not became difficult. To calculate the EVA of each division and product, Allen introduced job order costing. Because of the variety of products, the costs are also different. His first step was to split the operations and maintain distinct records for each. He was able to trace individual projects and their capital costs, ultimately knowing which ones were not profitable. The CEO at CSX, John Snow, embarked on activity-based costing to arrive at the firm’s EVA. In comparison to conventional costing, activity-based costing assigns overhead costs into direct costs. For example, Snow reduced the locomotives used to power trains from four to three, hence reducing the freight speed. Earlier, the company used more fuel on four locomotives, arriving too early at the destination and having to wait for too long before offload ing. With three locomotives, he reduced the activity and fuel costs, but still arrived in time for offloading. The extra capital that had previously gone to waste was used to increase freight volumes, while at the same time reducing the number of trains (Tully Hadjian 38). The two examples facilitated profit planning for the CEOs. They were able to develop plans that would use their operational budgets to generate maximum profits. Managers are in a position to determine their companies’ EVA through profit planning, which focuses on the efficient use of the resources available. Profit planning guides them in analyzing costs of labor, maintenance of facilities, raw materials plus the cost of marketing and sales efforts. It enabled the Coca-Cola CEO find out that the cost of maintenance of 52 production plants outweighed the profits. His EVA rose significantly after he closed down 12 of them and only used 40 to give higher product volumes. In the same way, the CSX CEO reduced the number of trailers by 4,000 but still grew freight volumes and profitability. That disclosed that the maintenance was eating into profits. Calculating EVA, therefore, enables the managers to determine the true worth of their organizations, because they can actually see if they have earned above their capital costs, borrowed capital as well as equity capital (Tully Hadjian 38). Works Cited Tully, Shawn Hadjian, Ani. â€Å"The real key to creating wealth†. Fortune 128.6 (1993): 38. Print.

Issues Of The Mental Health Care System - 2219 Words

Issues in the Mental Health Care System Introduction Mental illness is a disease found worldwide, affecting a big chunk of the population. Some mental illnesses can be small such as ADHD and anxiety disorders whereas others are more severe like Borderline Personality Disorder and Schizophrenia. Treatment and understanding of these conditions used to be very poor, but the 1980’s started to change that. Although much treatment of mentally ill patients has gotten better, there is still room for improvement. With proper medication and therapy, people with mental illnesses can become fully functioning contributors to society. Most Westernized civilizations have a patient disclosure agreement that affects the patient s ability to fully get better. Mental illnesses do not affect only old people, but they also have a huge impact on younger generations, and it is not as expensive to treat these patients as traditionally thought, especially if they are not let out before they should be. The treatment of mentally ill patients should be alt ered in a way that leads to patient happiness, while being cost efficient and helping future generations. Visitation Mental patients have next to no visitation rights. Visiting hours can be limited more or less depending where they are housed. Although according to the Mental Health Legal Advisors Committee, visitation can be limited if it may cause something as minor as a disruption or an abnormality of the functioning or the institute (â€Å"BasicShow MoreRelatedInadequacy Of The United States Mental Health Care System1104 Words   |  5 PagesStates Mental Health Care System: Barriers to Care According to the World Health Organization, mental illness will affect approximately 25% of people at some point in their life (â€Å"WHO Qualityrights†, n.d.). Despite that, the current mental health care system in the United States is inadequate. Many aspects of the system need improving, especially the barriers to service. In fact, approximately 20% of individuals are left without necessary treatment for their mental health disorder (â€Å"Mental Health†Read MoreMental Health : Becoming A Public Health Crisis873 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Mental illness is becoming a public health crisis through-out the world. Within developing and developed countries there are many different reasons that mental health has caused issues in the countries being examined. Mental health is an issue that can affect anyone at any time in their life. Ones mental health can be affected by many things around a person or just through their own genetics. All people are born into their family situations which can be in a developed or developingRead MoreThe Mental Illness Of The United States Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pagesare many people in the United States that have a mental illness that is either not able to be treated or is never diagnosed at all. This is because treatment is very expensive and hard to access, and without proactive care of the mentally ill there can be various unfortunate outcomes, sadly including, death. So, why is access to mental health care so limited and what is the government of Ohio doing to solve it and what else should be done? Mental illnesses are very common in the United States,Read MoreMental Health Incidents Have Effected Policing1439 Words   |  6 Pagesaddress mental health incidents have effected policing. Through my research I have determined that Canadian law enforcement has failed to manage the new demands placed on them from historical and societal changes towards mental illness. This failure to properly manage has caused inefficiencies Police have long been the default resource to manage new demands from changes in society, and in regards to mental illness, they have been referred to as the â€Å"informal first responders of mental health† (CouncilRead MoreMental Health Policies for Children Living in Poverty Essay1695 Words   |  7 PagesMental Health is a common topic in all agenda’s in the United States. It is currently looked at broadly across all segments of health; in fact, over the years there have been multiple approaches to addressing the needs of the population affected by lack of mental health or that have prominent mental health disorders. Over the past century the United States has been especially concerned about the mental health problems of our children and youth (Tuma, 1989). Worldwide 10-20% of children and adolescentsRead MoreHealth System Differences : Louisiana And Illinois823 Words   |  4 PagesHEALTH SYSTEM DIFFERENCES: LOUISIANA AND ILLINOIS The Health system in Louisiana and Illinois is widely different on basis of access to healthcare, mental health issues and many others. Looking at overall performance of healthcare system by measuring 42 different variables such as at systemic level, from insurance coverage to vaccination rates to avoidable hospital stays and at individual level, from rate of obesity to numbers of adults who have lost six or more teeth, Illinois is among the thirdRead MoreAustralia s Health Care System1192 Words   |  5 PagesThe Health care systems in Australia have one of the most affordable, accessing and comprehensive in the world. Access is the right to enter into and able to use the health care system. Australians have enablers and barriers that may affect their health care system. Barriers have limited or, no access to health care as consumers can have poor understanding of how to access health services, language difficulties for instance medical jargon’s or not understanding English at all, financial crisis andRead MoreThe Health Care System Of Canada1460 Words   |  6 Pageswill usually include the free health care. The health care system is one aspect of Canada that makes citizens patriotic and proud and makes those from other countries, like the United States, a bit envious. All around the world, Canada is known to have a reputation for the great healthcare and free health care policy. With such a wonderful system, it is hard to believe that the mental health care system is subpar compared to all other aspects of the health care system. Due to lack of funding, supportRead MoreEssay on Managed Care1158 Words   |  5 PagesManaged Care To decide on whether or not an issue is considered ethical or moral we need the hard cold facts. Facts expose or explain what is to be decided upon#8212;not what the outcome should be. Decisions regarding health care and mental health issues represent a major portion of ethical and moral choices. As individuals we are not always able to understand the justice, or fairness, behind the decisions supposedly based on hard cold facts. Once upon a time being a therapist was consideredRead MoreInterview Dr. Marie Hobart Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagesaddiction and her goal in addition to helping patients one-on-one is to help create a system of care for people who are traditionally not able to access care in other ways (Hobart). Dr. Hobart explained that she always wanted to work in health, and working with people in the community leading her to become a public psychiatrist in the city of Worcester, Massachusetts. As Dr. Hobart works in the Worcester public health sector as both a practicing physician and an administrator, her dual roles create

Gettysburg Address Essay Example For Students

Gettysburg Address Essay Of the five known manuscript copies of the Gettysburg Address Essay, the Library of Congress has two. President Lincoln gave one of these to each of his two private secretaries, John Nicolay and John Hay. The copy on exhibit, which belonged to Nicolay, is often called the first draft because it is believed to be the earliest copy that exists. Mythology Essays . Matching folds are still evident on the two pages shown here, suggesting it could be the copy that eyewitnesses say Lincoln took from his coat pocket and read at the ceremony. However, one of the arguments supporting the contrary theory that the delivery text has been lost is that some of the words and phrases of the Nicolay copy do not match contemporaneous accounts. The words under God, for example, are missing from the phrase that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom. In order for the Nicolay draft to have been the reading copy, Lincoln uncharacteristically would have had to depart from his written text in several instances. This copy of the Gettysburg Address remained in John Nicolays possession until his death in 1901, when it passed to his friend and colleague John Hay. Mythology Essays .

Company Law for Final ASX Announcement- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCompany Law for Final ASX Announcement. Answer: Issue Whether there had been a breach of director duties on part of Bond in this case, or not? Rule In Australia, the Corporations Act, 2001[1] is the legislation which rules over the conduct and the working of the companies in the nation and included in Part 2D.1 of this act is the director duties[2]. As per section 180(1) of the Corporations Act, it is the duty of the directors in the nation to act in a manner which depicts care and diligence particularly when the directors use their powers and discharge their obligations[3]. In case where the provisions covered under section 180(1) are contravened, civil obligations covered under section 1317E are raised and in such cases, the court gets the power to make a declaration of contravention[4]. In Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Macdonald (No 11)[5], the chief executive officers of the company, was deemed to have contravened this section as he was covered under the definition of other officers in section 180(1)[6]. The chief executive officer in this case was MacDonald, and he had failed in advising the board of the company about the Draft ASX Announcement. Apart from this, he had also failed in getting the necessary approval before the Final ASX Announcement was released and also regarding the facts that some modifications had been carried on before the announcement was released. As a result of this conduct of Macdonald, the same was deemed as a contravention of director duties, apart from being misleading and deceptive[7]. In addition to the statutory law, the common law also provides certain obligations over the directors of the company, in addition to the key officers of the company. As per the common law, it is the duty of the directors to steer clear of such circumstances in which a conflict of interest is present and also are required to avoid using the corporate opportunities for their personal benefits[8]. These provisions are also covered in the statutory law, i.e., the Corporations Act, as per which the directors and the officers of the company are under an obligation to make proper use of the position which they hold in the company, on the basis of section 182[9]; and also have to use the information of the company in a proper manner particularly when it relates to confidential information, on the basis of section 183[10]; and the applicability of both these sections put a restriction against such misuse, whereby an advantage is attained for someone else or for themselves, particularly when i t is detrimental for the company[11]. A leading matter in which this was upheld was the case of ASIC v Stephen William Vizard[12]. This was a case in which the court banned the director of the company, i.e., Vizard, from managing the affairs of any company for a period of 10 years and was also awarded pecuniary penalties to the sum of $390,000. The reason for such high penalties was that the director had dealt with the shares of the company for gaining a personal benefit and in order to do so, the confidential information of the company was used, which he got by being Telstras director[13]. Application The case study shows that Bon had decided on the draft of the ASX Announcement and that he had placed the contents of this draft before the board, instead of the actual draft. He failed to inform the board that the borrowings were characterised as being non-current ones due to which, the final instalment repayment could not be rolled over to the next year. Apart from this, an approval over the Final ASX Announcement was also not undertaken by him. Applying the verdict given in Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Macdonald (No 11) to the facts of this case, these failures of Bond would be deemed as a breach of his director duties, particularly as he was neither careful, not diligent in his work. Apart from section 180(1), there also has been a contravention of section 182 and 183. This is because he obtained information about the takeover of Casino as a result of being the CEO of the company, which he misused and asked his assistant to purchase shares. On the basis of ASIC v Stephen William Vizard, this would make Bond liable for misuse of position and information of the company. Even though the shares did not result in a profit for Moneypenny, but the information was nonetheless misused and this was a conflict of interest, as a result of which Bond breached his duties. Conclusion To conclude, there had been a contravention of both statutory and common law director duties, by Bond. Bibliography Articles/ Books/ Journals Cassidy J, Concise Corporations Law (The Federation Press, 5th ed, 2006) Cases ASIC v Stephen William Vizard [2005] FCA 1037 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Macdonald (No 11) [2009] NSWSC 287 Legislation Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth) Others Czoch K, and Mulder M, Australia: The James Hardie Decision: Australian Securities Investments Commission v Macdonald (No. 11) [2009] NSWSC 287 (2010) https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/106690/Corporate+Governance/The+James+Hardie+Decision+Australian+Securities+Investments+Commission+v+Macdonald+No+11+2009+NSWSC+287 Jacobson D, ASIC v James Hardie Decision: Company, Directors And Officers Were Misleading (2009) https://www.brightlaw.com.au/asic-v-james-hardie-decision-company-directors-and-officers-were-misleading/ PwC, A guide to directors duties and responsibilities for non-listed public companies and proprietary companies in Australia (2008) https://etraining.communitydoor.org.au/pluginfile.php/608/course/section/95/GuideDirectors_Apr08.pdf Reid K, Civil penalty and disqualification orders: An overview of the Vizard case (2017) https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/1970/civil-penalty-and-disqualification-orders-an-overv.aspx